Work and Energy Review Give the Correct Units for
Piece of work and Energy Review
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Function A: Forced Selection Questions
1. Which of the following statements are true about work? Include all that employ.
- Work is a form of free energy.
- A Watt is the standard metric unit of work.
- Units of work would be equivalent to a Newton times a meter.
- A kg•thou2/s2 would be a unit of work.
- Work is a time-based quantity; it is dependent upon how fast a forcefulness displaces an object.
- Superman applies a force on a truck to prevent it from moving down a colina. This is an case of work being done.
- An upward forcefulness is applied to a saucepan as it is carried 20 grand across the grand. This is an example of piece of work being done.
- A strength is applied past a chain to a roller coaster car to carry it upwardly the hill of the get-go drop of the Shockwave ride. This is an instance of work existence done.
- The forcefulness of friction acts upon a softball histrion every bit she makes a headfirst swoop into third base. This is an example of piece of work being done.
- An eraser is tied to a string; a person holds the cord and applies a tension force as the eraser is moved in a circle at constant speed. This is an instance of piece of work being washed.
- A force acts upon an object to button the object along a surface at constant speed. By itself, this force must NOT exist doing any piece of work upon the object.
- A force acts upon an object at a 90-caste angle to the direction that information technology is moving. This forcefulness is doing negative work upon the object.
- An individual strength does NOT exercise positive work upon an object if the object is moving at constant speed.
- An object is moving to the right. A force acts leftward upon it. This force is doing negative work.
- A non-bourgeois force is doing work on an object; it is the only force doing work. Therefore, the object volition either gain or lose mechanical energy.
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2. Which of the following statements are true well-nigh power? Include all that apply.
- Power is a time-based quantity.
- Power refers to how fast work is done upon an object.
- Powerful people or powerful machines are simply people or machines which e'er do a lot of work.
- A strength is exerted on an object to move it at a abiding speed. The ability delivered past this force is the magnitude of the force multiplied by the speed of the object.
- The standard metric unit of power is the Watt.
- If person A and person B practice the same chore but person B does it faster, so person A does more work but person B has more than power.
- The Newton•meter is a unit of measurement of power.
- A lx-kg boy runs up a two.0 meter staircase in 1.five seconds. His power is approximately 80 Watt.
- A 300-Newton force is applied to a skier to drag her up a ski hill at a constant speed of 1.v yard/s. The power delivered by the toe rope is 450 Watts.
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three. Consider the following concrete situations. For each case, determine the angle betwixt the indicated force (in boldface blazon ) and the displacement ("theta" in the work equation).
| | | | | |
- A rightward applied forcefulness is used to displace a boob tube set to the right.
- The force of friction acts upon a rightward-moving motorcar to bring it to a stop.
- A waiter uses an applied force to balance the weight of a tray of plates as he carries the tray across the room.
- The force of air resistance acts upon a vertically-falling skydiver.
- The force of friction acts upon a baseball game player equally he slides into 3rd base of operations.
- An practical forcefulness is used past a freshman to lift a Earth Civilization volume to the peak shelf of his locker.
- A bucket of water is tied to a string and tension supplies the centripetal force to keep information technology moving in a circle at constant speed.
- An applied force acting at 30-degrees to the horizontal is used to displace an object to the correct.
- A grouping of football game players utilize an applied force to push button a sled across the grass.
- The tension in the lift cable causes the elevator to rise at a constant speed.
- In a physics lab, an applied forcefulness is exerted parallel to a aeroplane inclined at 30-degrees in order to displace a cart up the incline.
- An applied force is exerted upwardly and rightwards at an angle of 30-degrees to the vertical in order to readapt an object to the right.
- A child rests on the seat of a swing which is supported by the tension in its cables; he swings from the highest position to its lowest position.
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4. Consider the following concrete situations. Identify whether the indicated force (in boldface blazon ) does positive work, negative work or no work.
| a. Positive Work | b. Negative Work | c. No Work |
Description of Physical Situation | |
| a. A cable is attached to a saucepan and the strength of tension is used to pull the bucket out of a well. | |
| b. Rusty Nales uses a hammer to exert an applied force upon a stubborn nail to drive it into the wall. | |
| c. Near the end of the Shockwave ride, a braking system exerts an applied strength upon the coaster motorcar to bring information technology to a stop. | |
| d. The force of friction acts upon a baseball player as he slides into third base of operations. | |
| e. A decorated spider hangs motionless from a silk thread, supported by the tension in the thread. | |
| f. In baseball, the catcher exerts an precipitous applied force upon the ball to end it in the catcher'south mitt. | |
| chiliad. In a physics lab, an practical force is exerted parallel to a plane inclined at 30-degrees in gild to readapt a cart up the incline. | |
| h. A pendulum bob swings from its highest position to its lowest position under the influence of the force of gravity . | |
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5. Which of the following statements are true about conservative and non-conservative forces? Include all that apply.
- A force is regarded equally a bourgeois force if information technology does piece of work only does not remove mechanical energy from a system of objects.
- A force is regarded equally a not-bourgeois force if it does not add together mechanical energy to a system of objects.
- The forcefulness of gravity and elastic (jump) force are both examples of a conservative forces.
- Applied forces, air resistance, friction forces, and tension are common examples of non-conservative forces.
- Physicists envy biologists' ability to instill order on the world of animal species through their taxonomic system. So physicists have made a addiction of identifying forces as conservative and not-conservative forces in gild to instill social club on the globe of forces.
- If a not-conservative force acts upon an object, then the object volition either gain or lose mechanical energy.
- If the only forces which do work upon an object are conservative forces, then the object will conserve its mechanical energy.
- If the sum of an object'southward KE and PE is remaining constant, and then non-conservative forces are Not doing piece of work.
- If piece of work is Not washed on an object past a non-conservative force, then the object volition experience a transformation of energy from kinetic to potential energy (or vice versa).
- An object starts from an elevated position with 50 J of potential energy and begins its autumn towards the ground. If non-conservative forces can exist assumed to Non do work, then at some point during the autumn the object volition have 20 J of potential energy and 30 J of kinetic energy.
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6. Which of the following statements are truthful nearly kinetic free energy? Include all that apply.
- Kinetic energy is the course of mechanical free energy which depends upon the position of an object.
- If an object is at rest, and then information technology does not have any kinetic free energy.
- If an object is on the basis, and then it does not take whatever kinetic energy.
- The kinetic energy of an object is dependent upon the weight and the speed of an object.
- Faster moving objects always have a greater kinetic free energy.
- More massive objects always have a greater kinetic energy.
- Kinetic free energy is a scalar quantity.
- An object has a kinetic energy of 40 J. If its mass were twice as much, then its kinetic free energy would be 80 J.
- An object has a kinetic energy of 40 J. If its speed were twice every bit much, then its kinetic energy would be lxxx J.
- Object A has a mass of 1 kg and a speed of 2 grand/south. Object B has a mass of 2 kg and a speed of one chiliad/southward. Objects A and B have the same kinetic energy.
- An object tin never take a negative kinetic energy.
- A falling object always gains kinetic energy as it falls.
- A 1-kg object is accelerated from remainder to a speed of two.0 thousand/s. This object gains iv.0 Joules of kinetic energy.
- If work is washed on an object by a non-bourgeois force, then the object volition either gain or lose kinetic free energy.
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seven. Which of the following statements are true near potential energy? Include all that use.
- Moving objects cannot accept potential energy.
- Potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position.
- Both gravitational and rubberband potential energy are dependent upon the mass of an object.
- The gravitational potential free energy of an object is dependent upon the mass of the object.
- If the mass of an elevated object is doubled, and then its gravitational potential free energy volition be doubled as well.
- Gravitational potential energy is lost as objects gratis-fall to the footing.
- The higher that an object is, the more potential energy which information technology will have.
- The unit of measurement for potential free energy is the Joule.
- A 1-kg mass at a tiptop of one meter has a potential free energy of 1 Joule.
- A 1-kg object falls from a height of ten one thousand to a height of 6 m. The terminal potential energy of the object is approximately 40 J.
- If work is done on an object past a non-conservative force, then the object will either gain or lose potential energy.
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eight. Which of the following statements are true about mechanical free energy? Include all that utilize.
- The total amount of mechanical energy of an object is the sum of its potential energy and the kinetic energy.
- Heat is a course of mechanical energy.
- The mechanical free energy of an object is ever conserved.
- When not-conservative forces do work, energy is transformed from kinetic to potential (or vice versa), but the total mechanical energy is conserved.
- A bowling ball is mounted from a ceiling by fashion of a strong cable. It is drawn back and released, allowed to swing as a pendulum. Every bit it swings from its highest position to its everyman position, the total mechanical energy is mostly conserved.
- When a friction force does piece of work on an object , the full mechanical energy of that object is inverse.
- The full mechanical free energy of an object remains abiding if the only forces doing work on the object are conservative forces.
- If an object gains mechanical energy, and then one can be certain that a non-conservative force is doing work.
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9. Rank these four objects in increasing order of kinetic energy, beginning with the smallest.
| | | | |
| v = 4.0 m/southward h = ii.0 yard | v = 2.0 m/s h = 3.00 1000 | v = 5.0 g/s h = 5.0 m | v = ii.0 m/s h = 4.0 k |
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10. Rank these four objects in increasing gild of potential free energy, outset with the smallest.
| | | | |
| 5 = iv.0 1000/southward h = 2.0 m | v = 2.0 m/s h = 3.00 m | v = 5.0 m/due south h = v.0 grand | 5 = two.0 thousand/southward h = 4.0 one thousand |
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NOTE: The side by side 15 questions presume that the value of m is 10 thou/s/s.
11. A 1200 kg motorcar and a 2400 kg car are lifted to the aforementioned elevation at a constant speed in a automobile service station. Lifting the more massive car requires ____ work.
| a. less | b. the aforementioned | c. twice equally much |
| d. iv times equally much | east. more than four times as much |
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12. An arrow is drawn dorsum so that l Joules of potential energy is stored in the stretched bow and cord. When released, the pointer will have a kinetic energy of ____ Joules.
| a. l | b. more than fifty | c. less than 50 |
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xiii. A kid lifts a box up from the flooring. The kid then carries the box with constant speed to the other side of the room and puts the box down. How much work does he do on the box while walking across the flooring at constant speed?
| a. zero J | b. more than zero J |
| c. more information needed to make up one's mind | |
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fourteen. A one thousand-kg automobile is moving at twoscore.0 km/hr when the driver slams on the brakes and skids to a stop (with locked brakes) over a distance of twenty.0 meters. How far will the car skid with locked brakes if it is traveling at 120. km/hr?
| a. twenty.0 one thousand | b. sixty.0 m | c. 90.0 m | d. 120. m | e. 180. 1000 |
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15. A platform diver weighs 500 North. She steps off a diving board that is elevated to a meridian of 10 meters in a higher place the water. The diver will possess ___ Joules of kinetic energy when she hits the h2o.
| a. ten | b. 500 | c. 510 | d. 5000 | e. more 5000 . |
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16. A brawl is projected into the air with 100 J of kinetic energy. The kinetic energy is transformed into gravitational potential energy on the path towards the peak of its trajectory. When the brawl returns to its original superlative, its kinetic energy is ____ Joules. Practise consider the effects of air resistance
| a. less than 100 | b. 100 | c. more 100 |
| d. not enough data given | ||
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17. During a construction project, a 2500 Northward object is lifted loftier above the ground. It is released and falls ten.0 meters and drives a postal service 0.100 m into the ground. The average bear on force on the object is ____ Newtons.
| a. 2500 | b. 25000 | c. 250,000 | d. two,500,000 |
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eighteen.A 10-Newton object moves to the left at ane grand/s. Its kinetic energy is approximately ____ Joules.
| a. 0.five | b. ane | c. x | d. more 10 |
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19. Luke Autbeloe stands on the edge of a roof throws a ball downward. It strikes the ground with 100 J of kinetic energy. Luke now throws another identical ball upward with the same initial speed, and this also falls to the footing. Neglecting air resistance, the second brawl hits the ground with a kinetic energy of ____ J.
| a. less than 100 | b. 100 | c. 200 | d. more than than 200 | e. none of these |
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20. An object at balance may have __________.
| a. speed | b. velocity | c. acceleration | d. energy | e. all of these |
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21. A 50-kg platform diver hits the h2o below with a kinetic free energy of 5000 Joules. The summit (relative to the water) from which the diver pigeon was approximately ____ meters.
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22. A job is washed slowly, and an identical task is done quickly. Both jobs require the same amount of ____, but different amounts of ____. Pick the two words which fill in the blanks in their respective society.
| a. energy, piece of work | b. power, work | c. work, energy | d. work, power |
| east. power, free energy | f. force, work | g. power, force | h. none of these |
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23. Which requires more work: lifting a 50.0 kg crate a vertical distance of 2.0 meters or lifting a 25.0 kg crate a vertical distance of 4.0 meters?
| a. lifting the fifty kg crate | b. lifting the 25 kg crate |
| c. both crave the same amount of work |
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24.A fifty.0 kg crate is lifted to a height of 2.0 meters in the same time as a 25.0 kg crate is lifted to a height of 4 meters. The rate at which energy is used (i.east., ability) in raising the 50.0 kg crate is ____ as the rate at which energy is used to lift the 25.0 kg crate.
| a. twice as much | b. half every bit much | c. the same |
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25. Using chiliad. J of piece of work, a small object is lifted from the ground flooring to the tertiary floor of a alpine building in 20.0 seconds. What ability was required in this task?
| a. 20 W | b. 50 Due west | c. 100 Due west | d. 1000 West | east. 20000 Due west |
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Office B: Straightforward Computational Problems
26. Approximate the piece of work required lift a 2.5-kg object to a height of vi.0 meters. PSYW
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27. A student applies a force to a cart to pull it up an inclined plane at abiding speed during a physics lab. A force of twenty.8 N is practical parallel to the incline to elevator a iii.00-kg loaded cart to a meridian of 0.450 m along an incline which is 0.636-1000 long. Decide the work done upon the cart and the subsequent potential energy change of the cart. PSYW
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28. Eddy, whose mass is 65.0-kg, climbs up the i.60-meter loftier stairs in 1.xx southward. Approximate Eddy'south ability rating. PSYW
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29. A 51.7-kg hiker ascends a 43.2-meter high hill at a constant speed of ane.20 1000/s. If information technology takes 384 south to climb the hill, and then determine ... . PSYW
- kinetic free energy change of the hiker.
- the potential free energy change of the hiker.
- the piece of work done upon the hiker.
- the power delivered by the hiker.
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thirty. An 878-kg car skids to a stop across a horizontal surface over a distance of 45.2 m. The average strength acting upon the automobile is 7160 N. Decide ... . PSYW
- the piece of work done upon the car.
- the initial kinetic energy of the auto.
- the acceleration of the motorcar.
- the initial velocity of the car.
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31. A 510-kg roller coaster car starts at a pinnacle of 32.0 1000. Assuming negligible energy losses to friction and air resistance, determine the PE, KE, and speed of the auto at the various locations (A, B, C, D, and Due east) along the rail.
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32. A 65.8-kg skier accelerates down an icy hill from an original peak of 521 meters. Use the work-free energy theorem to decide the speed at the bottom of the hill if...
a. ... no free energy is lost or gained due to friction, air resistance and other not-conservative forces. PSYW
b. ...1.40*10five J of free energy are lost due to external forces. PSYW
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33. Use the piece of work-energy theorem to determine the force required to finish a 988-kg motorcar moving at a speed of 21.two k/southward if there is a distance of 45.7 m in which to stop it. PSYW
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Part C: Work-Energy Bar Charts, Analysis, and Conceptual Reasoning
34. Consider the following concrete situations. Identify the forces which practice work upon the indicated object (in boldface blazon ) and categorize them as bourgeois or non-conservative forces. Then indicate whether the total mechanical energy of the object changes; information technology information technology changes, and then indicate whether the change is a positive or negative change. Finally, indicate whether the potential energy and the kinetic energy changes; if PE or KE changes, then bespeak whether the change is a positive or negative modify.
Description of Concrete Situation | Which Practice Work: | | | | ||||
| | Conserv. | (+ or -) | | (+ or -) | | (+ or -) | | |
| a. A forcefulness is practical to movement a physics cart from the floor to the top of an inclined plane at a abiding speed. | | | | | | | | |
| b. A physics pupil scurries upward a flight of stairs at constant speed. | | | | | | | | |
| c. In a moment of unsupervised phun, a physics student hoists herself onto a staircase banister and accelerates down the banister. Ignore all friction forces. | | | | | | | | |
| d. A ball is dropped from residuum from on the top of a hill and falls to the ground beneath. Ignore air resistance. | | | | | | | | |
| e. A brawl leaves top of a hill with a big horizontal velocity. Information technology falls to the ground beneath. Ignore air resistance. | | | | | | | | |
| f. A Hot Wheels car is at balance at an elevated position along an inclined aeroplane; it is released and rolls to a position forth the ground. Ignore air resistance. | | | | | | | | |
| g. A Hot Wheels car is in motion at the bottom of a hill when it hits a computer diskette box and skids to a stop. | | | | | | | | |
| h. A pendulum bob swings from its highest position to its lowest position. | | | | | | | | |
| i. A physics cart is released from residue at an elevated position along an inclined plane; information technology is released and rolls to a position along the incline approximately 5 cm from the lesser. | | | | | | | | |
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35. The diagrams below depict a physical state of affairs. Analyze each situation and construct piece of work-energy bar charts.
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36. Several physical situations are described below. For each situation, simplify the piece of work-free energy equation by canceling any nix terms and whatever energy terms (whether KE or PE) which are unchanging. Explicate each term which gets canceled. The starting time trouble is done as an instance.
| Description of Physical State of affairs | |
| | KEi + PEi + Westwardnc = KEf + PEf |
| | KEi + PEi + Wnc = KEf + PEf |
| | KEi + PEi + Westwardnc = KEf + PEf |
| | KEi + PEi + Wnc = KEf + PEf |
| | KEi + PEi + Due westnc = KEf + PEf |
| | KEi + PEi + Due westnc = KEf + PEf |
| | KEi + PEi + Wnc = KEf + PEf |
| | KEi + PEi + Wnc = KEf + PEf |
| | KEi + PEi + Wnc = KEf + PEf |
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Office D: Complex Analysis and Problem-Solving
37. A 21.3-kg child positions himself on an inner-tube which is suspended by a 7.28-m long rope attached to a strong tree limb. The kid and tube is drawn back until it makes a 17.four-caste angle with the vertical. The child is released and allowed to swing to and from. Bold negligible friction, determine the child's speed at his lowest point in the trajectory. PSYW
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38. A baseball player catches a 163-gram baseball which is moving horizontally at a speed of 39.8 one thousand/s. Determine the force which she must utilize to the baseball if her mitt recoils a horizontal distance of 25.1 cm. PSYW
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39. A 62.9-kg downhill skier is moving with a speed of 12.9 one thousand/s as he starts his descent from a level plateau at 123-one thousand height to the ground below. The gradient has an angle of 14.i degrees and a coefficient of friction of 0.121. The skier coasts the entire descent without using his poles; upon reaching the bottom he continues to coast to a stop; the coefficient of friction along the level surface is 0.623. How far will he coast along the level area at the bottom of the slope? PSYW
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twoscore. A 29.one-kg sledder is traveling along a level expanse with a speed of 8.96 m/due south when she approaches a gentle incline which makes an angle of 12.5 degrees with the horizontal. If the coefficient of friction between the sled and the incline is 0.109, and so what will be her speed at the bottom of the inclined plane, located 8.21 k above the top of the incline. PSYW
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41. A 221-gram ball is thrown at an angle of 17.9 degrees and a speed of 36.7 m/south from the top of a 39.viii-m high cliff. Make up one's mind the impact speed of the ball when information technology strikes the footing. Assume negligible air resistance. PSYW
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42. Claire deAisles has just completed her shopping at the grocery food store. She accidentally bumps her 42.five-kg cart, setting it in motion from rest down a hill inclined at 14.ix degrees. Upon descending a altitude of 9.27 meters along the inclined plane, the cart hits a tree stump (which was placed in the parking lot for the sole purpose of this problem). A 0.295-kg tin of tomato soup is immediately hurled from the moving cart and heads towards Will N. Tasue'south brand new Lexus. Upon hit the Lexus, the tomato soup tin creates a dent with a depth of 3.16 cm. Noah Formula, who is watching the entire incident and fixing to do some physics, attempts to summate the average strength which the Lexus applies to the soup can. Assume negligible air resistance and friction forces and help Noah out. PSYW
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43. Pete Zaria applies a 11.ix-Newton force to a 1.49-kg mug of root beer in order to advance it from rest over a altitude of i.42-m. Once released, how far volition the mug slide along the counter summit if the coefficient of friction is 0.728? PSYW
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44. Suzie Lovtaski has a mass of 49.vii kg. She is at rest on top of a hill with a superlative of 92.6 yard and an incline bending of 19.2 degrees. She coasts down the hill to the bottom and eventually comes to a cease; she never uses her poles to utilise a force. The coefficient of friction is 0.0873 along the colina and 0.527 along the horizontal surface at the lesser. What total altitude volition Suzie coast (include both incline and level surface)? PSYW
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45. Mia Kneezhirt jumps from a second story dorm room (h = 7.91 1000) to the ground below. Upon contact with the footing, she allows her 62.4-kg body to come to an sharp stop every bit her center of gravity is displaced downwards a distance of 89.2 cm. Summate the average upward force exerted past the basis upon Mia'south delicate trunk. PSYW
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